Abstract
In the Bolivian Andean region, a diversity native potatoes species (Solanum spp) are cultivated. Areas where many types of native potato are grown are known as microcentres of potato genetic diversity. However, yields are low in these places, apparently related to viral infections. The incidence of the potato-affecting viruses Potato Virus X (PVX), Potato Virus Y (PVY), Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV), Andean Potato Latent Virus (APLV) and Andean Potato Mottle Virus (APMoV) was examined by DAS-ELISA in microcentres of two high Andean regions of Bolivia, i.e. an Aymara culture region in the north of La Paz, and a Quechua culture region in the Dept. of Cochabamba. The relationship between viral incidence and potato yield was explored as well. The presence of all five viruses was detected in both regions, except APMoV in the Aymara region. The mean overall incidence of viral infection was greater in the Aymara than in the Quechua region. The most commonly detected viruses were PVX, PVY and APLV. Mix-infections of PVY + PVX and PVY + PLRV were most common in the Aymara region, and PVX + APLV and PVX + APMoV in the Quechua region. Potato yield was less in Aymara than in Quechua region and it was correlated to higher incidence of PVY and PVX in Aymara region. Low yields and high incidence of viral infection seems to be related to the ancestral management by planting native seed potatoes of poor quality. In conclusion, four of the five viruses sought were detected in the Aymara region, and all five in the Quechua region, although the overall incidence of viral infection was greater in the Aymara region, where the yields recorded were also lower.Resumen.En la región andina boliviana se cultivan una diversidad de especies nativas de papa (Solanum spp). Las áreas donde se cultivan muchos tipos de papa nativa se conocen como microcentros de diversidad genética de la papa. Sin embargo, los rendimientos son bajos en estos lugares, aparentemente relacionados con infecciones virales. Se examinó la incidencia de los virus que afectan a la papa, el Virus X de la Papa (PVX), Virus Y de la Papa (PVY), Virus del Rollo de hoja de Papa (PLRV), Virus Latente de la Papa Andina (APLV) y Virus moteado de la Papa Andina(APMoV) por DAS-ELISA en microcentros de dos regiones altoandinas de Bolivia, por ejemplo, una región de cultivo Aymara en el norte de La Paz y una región de cultivo Quechua en el Departamento de Cochabamba. También se exploró la relación entre la incidencia viral y el rendimiento de la papa. Se detectó la presencia de los cinco virus en ambas regiones, excepto APMoV en la región Aymara. La incidencia global media de infección viral fue mayor en la región Aymara que en la región Quechua. Los virus más comúnmente detectados fueron PVX, PVY y APLV. Las infecciones por mezcla de PVY + PVX y PVY + PLRV fueron más comunes en la región Aymara, y PVX + APLV y PVX + APMoV en la región Quechua. El rendimiento de papa fue menor enAaymara que en la región Quechua y se correlacionó con una mayor incidencia de PVY y PVX en la región Aymara. Estamos evidenciando que los bajos rendimientos y la alta incidencia de infección viral parecen estar relacionados con el manejo ancestral mediante la siembra de papas de semilla nativa de mala calidad. En conclusión, cuatro de los cinco virus buscados se detectaron en la región Aymara, y los cinco en la región Quechua, aunque la incidencia general de infección viral fue mayor en la región Aymara, donde los rendimientos registrados también fueron menores.
Highlights
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a traditional crop of the Bolivian High Andes
The Aymara region has the greater average incidence in the four localities but the highest are in the Humanata and Llasaraya localities (63–92%) (Fig. 2B); note that the mean incidence compared to the Quechua region is lowest (7–25%) (Fig. 3B)
Potato Virus X (PVX) was detected in the most extent in both years, while Potato Virus Y (PVY) was higher than PVX in 2017 but not in 2018 and Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) and Andean Potato Latent Virus (APLV) as a lesser extent (Fig. 2C and 2D)
Summary
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a traditional crop of the Bolivian High Andes. Several native potato species and varieties are cultivated, such as Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juzepczuk et Bukasov) Hawkes, Solanum stenotonum Juzepczuk et Bukasov, Solanum phureja Juzepczuk et Bukasov, Solanum x juzepzukii Bukasov, Solanum curtilobum Juzepczuk et Bukasov, Solanum x chaucha Juzepczuk et Bukasov, and Solanum x ajanhuiri Juzepczuk et Bukasov.The regions of traditional Aymara and Quechua culture are those where native potatoes are commonly cultivated. The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a traditional crop of the Bolivian High Andes. Several native potato species and varieties are cultivated, such as Solanum tuberosum subsp. The regions of traditional Aymara and Quechua culture are those where native potatoes are commonly cultivated. Within these regions there are certain areas where many native potato types are grown; these areas are known as microcentres of potato genetic diversity (MPGD) (Terrazas et al, 2005; Iriarte et al, 2009, Coca Morante, 2019). Average yields are just 5.5 t.ha−1 (FAO 2008) perhaps because smallholders often use low quality seed potatoes (locally known as "tired seed") derived from their ancient crop varieties— varieties that have long been affected by viruses
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