Virulence Spectrum of Mycosphaerella graminicola Isolates on Wheat Genotypes Carrying Known Resistance Genes to Septoria tritici Blotch

Abstract

The virulence spectrum of 23 monopycnidiospore isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola was determined using wheat genotypes that carried different resistance genes (Stb1–Stb8 and Stb15). Disease severity was measured as the percentage of necrotic leaf area. The isolates used in the experiments were of diverse origin: eight from Poland, seven from Germany, and eight from other countries around the world. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the virulence of the isolates. Using multiple regression and Cook’s D statistic, 26 significant cultivar × isolate interactions were detected. The Israeli isolate IPO86036 showed the widest spectrum of specific reactions. It expressed specific virulence on at least four cultivars and specific avirulence on at least three. The other isolates showed specific interactions with 1–6 different cultivars. Despite the limited number of isolates that were tested, we recommend that a number of resistant lines, namely cultivars Veranopolis (Stb2), Cs/Synthetic 7D (Stb5), Arina (Stb15, Stb6 and partial resistance), and Liwilla (unknown resistance factors), could be incorporated into central European wheat breeding programmes that are aimed at developing resistance against septoria tritici blotch. In contrast, resistance gene Stb7, which is carried by cultivar Estanzuela Federal, was ineffective against most of the isolates that were used. These results on the virulence spectrum of M. graminicola isolates provide valuable information for effective wheat breeding programmes to develop resistance to the pathogen.