Abstract
Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) is one of the food-borne entero-pathogen responsible for yersiniosis in humans. The purpose of this research was to survey the prevalence, virulence-associated genes, and antimicrobial resistance of Y. enterocolitica isolated from meat and meat product samples in Egypt. Forty-one (5.9%) out of 700- samples of chicken meat, beef, ground beef, and sausage were positive Y. enterocolitica with a high prevalence in chicken meat (12%). Five virulence genes (ail, inv, ystA, ystB, and yadA) were characterized among 41 Y. enterocolitica isolates with variable frequencies. Among the strains tested, the ystB gene was detected with a high percentage (78.1%), followed by inv gene (70.7%), ail gene (14.6%), ystA gene (12.2%), and yadA gene (2.4%). A high resistance rate was estimated to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%), followed by cefazolin (95%), ampicillin (65.9%), and doxycycline (51.2%), whilst a high sensitivity rate was observed to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (97.6% each). Interestingly, the multidrug resistance was specified in the 70.7% of strains and showing 13 resistance patterns. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16s rRNA gene, the phylogenetic tree showed the genetic relatedness amongst Y. enterocolitica isolates. These findings highlighted the emergence of virulent and multidrug-resistant pathogenic Y. entrocolitica in retailed meat and meat products in Egypt.
Highlights
Yersinia genus belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and encompasses three well-recognized human pathogens which are Y. enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, 424 424/436 and Yersinia pestis (Carniel, 2006)
Prevalence of Y. enterocolitica strains in meat and meat products
Of the 700 samples, 5.9% (41) Y. enterocolitica strains were isolated from meat and meat product samples and confirmed by PCR assay (Figure 1)
Summary
Yersinia genus belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and encompasses three well-recognized human pathogens which are Y. enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, 424 424/436 and Yersinia pestis (Carniel, 2006). Y. enterocolitica is one of the most important pathogens responsible for foodborne gastroenteritis (Yersiniosis) in Western and Northern Europe. Yersinia enterocolitica in meat and meat products (EFSA, 2018). Other clinical syndromes associated with Y. enterocolitica are enterocolitis, mimicking appendicitis, acute mesenteric lymphadenitis, post- infectious arthritis, and systemic infections, so occasion fatal sepsis (Neubauer et al, 2001). Y. enterocolitica is often isolated from humans, a variety of animals, food and the environment (Falcão et al, 2006). Pigs are carriers of Y. enterocolitica without clinical signs in their oral cavity, on tongues, and excrete these bacteria in their feces (Paixão et al, 2013)
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