Virulence Factors and the Effect of Garlic Extract against Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Patients with UTI at Thi-Qar Province

Abstract

Background: Proteus mirabilis isolates are nosocomial bacteria that increase the incidence of multidrug-resistant infections in immunocompromised patients. The garlic genus belongs to the Allium family, and its cultivation is widespread throughout the world. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of garlic extract against different strains of P. mirabilis that can products biofilms and carry genes such as blaCTX-M. and pm1 genes. Method: Sixty three specimens were collected from identified patients' UTI from Al-nasiriyah general hospital between September and December 2023. Using microbial culture methods, the samples were cultured, and using Biochemical and VITEK system tests, the P. mirabilis isolates were diagnosed and confirmed. Results: Out of a total of 63 specimens isolated from UTI patients, there were 11 bacterial isolates, and the results of the garlic extract were against the bacteria. 3 isolates were susceptible, and only two isolates were moderately sensitive at a concentration of 100%, three isolates were sensitive at a concentration of 75%, and only two bacterial isolates, one of which was moderately sensitive and the other resistant, respectively. It was noted that most of the bacterial isolates carried the blaCTX-M gene. While all isolates were able to produce biofilms using sterile polystyrene 96-well microtiter plates. In addition, all bacterial isolates carried the pm1 gene.