Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes drastic infections in cattle and humans. In this study, 55 isolates were recovered from 115 nasal swabs from apparently healthy and diseased cattle and humans in Minufiya and Qalyubia, Egypt. These isolates were confirmed by kmt1 existence, and molecular classification of the capsular types showed that types B, D, and E represented 23/55 (41.8%), 21/55 (38.1%), and 11/55 (20.0%), respectively. The isolates were screened for five virulence genes with hgbA, hgbB, and ptfA detected in 28/55 (50.9%), 30/55 (54.5%), and 25/55 (45.5%), respectively. We detected 17 capsular and virulence gene combinations with a discriminatory power (DI) of 0.9286; the most prevalent profiles were dcbF type D and dcbF type D, hgbA, hgbB, and ptfA, which represented 8/55 (14.5%) each. These strains exhibited high ranges of multiple antimicrobial resistance indices; the lowest resistances were against chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. The macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B methylase gene erm(Q), with erm(42) encoding MLSB monomethyltransferase, mph(E) encoding a macrolide efflux pump, and msr(E) encoding macrolide-inactivating phosphotransferase were present. The class 1 and 2 integrons and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes intl1, intl2, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM were detected. It is obvious to state that co-occurrence of resistance genes resulted in multiple drug-resistant phenotypes. The identified isolates were virulent, genetically diverse, and resistant to antimicrobials, highlighting the potential risk to livestock and humans.
Highlights
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterial agent implicated in multi-host infections
Bacterial isolation confirmed that 6/48 (12.5%) apparently healthy cases were infected, as colonies grew in media, while 44/52 (84.6%) diseased cases (40 from Minufiya and 4 from Qalyubia) were positive for bacterial infection
Three from Qalyubia and two from Minufiya were positive for bacterial isolates, with a rate of 5/15 (33.3%) (Table 1)
Summary
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterial agent implicated in multi-host infections. These bacteria cause enzootic neonatal calf pneumonia, shipping fever in weaned calves, and hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in bison, cattle, and buffalo in many regions of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and southern Europe [1,2]. The infection of cattle, causing bovine respiratory disease (BRD), leads to remarkable economic losses for the cattle industry due to increased deaths, high treatment costs, decreased growth rate, and inferior carcass quality [4]. P. multocida infection is characterized by acute respiratory disease accompanied by a high fever, respiratory distress, nasal discharge, polypnea, and death within a few days
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