Virulence-associated characteristics of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection: a statistical analysis with special attention to type 1C fimbriation

Abstract

The relative virulence (defined as odds ratio) associated with different O and K antigens, adhesins and hemolysin production of Escherichia coli strains was assessed by separate and multivariate logistic regression analyses comparing 383 strains isolated from urine of adults with a urinary tract infection with 287 fecal strains from healthy adults; special interest was paid to evaluating the role of type 1C fimbriation. Type 1C fimbriae, found on 14% of UTI and 7% of fecal strains, were associated with O groups O2, O6, O18, and O75, with capsular type K5, with mannose-resistant (both P and non-P) adhesins, and with hemolysin production. In separate analyses, O8 (odds ratio 5.9) and O75 (9.2), capsular types other than K1 (1.9-2.1), P (2.9) and non-P mannose-resistant (17.4) adhesins, and hemolysin production (3.1) were each associated with high relative virulence compared to O1, Rough, and K1 phenotypes or lack of mannose-resistant adhesins or hemolysin. All these virulence effects were independent of type 1C fimbriation. In multivariate analysis, joint variation between factors decreased the apparent virulence-promoting effect of type 1C fimbriae, O6 antigen and hemolysin but increased that of other adhesins. Especially high relative virulence (odds ratio 404.2) was associated with the combination of 075:K5:non-P mannose-resistant adhesin identified on seven UTI but no fecal strains.