Abstract
Quantum catalysis is a feasible approach to increase the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), involving the special zero-photon catalysis (ZPC) operation. However, in the practical point of view, the improvement effect of this operation will be limited by the imperfection of the photon detector. In this paper, we show that the ZPC operation at the sender can be simulated by a post-selection method without implementing it in practical devices. While performing this virtual version of ZPC in CVQKD, we can not only reach the ideal case of its practical implementation with minimal hardware requirement, but also keep the benefit of Gaussian security proofs. Based on Gaussian modulated coherent state protocols with achievable parameters, we enhance the security of the proposed scheme from the asymptotical case to the finite-size scenario and composable framework. Simulation results show that similar to the asymptotical case, both the maximal transmission distance and the tolerable excess noise of virtual ZPC-involved CVQKD outperform the original scheme and the scheme using virtual photon subtraction while considering finite-size effect and composable security. In addition, the virtual ZPC-involved CVQKD can tolerate a higher imperfection of the detector, enabling its practical implementation of the CVQKD system with state-of-the-art technology.
Highlights
Quantum catalysis is a feasible approach to increase the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), involving the special zero-photon catalysis (ZPC) operation
To remove the above-mentioned imperfections of the photon detector, in this paper, we propose a scheme of virtual zero-photon catalysis (VZPC)-based CVQKD, which can be implemented via Gaussian post-selection at the sender
To make our description self-contained, we introduce the characteristics of quantum catalysis operation, and propose the VZPC-based CVQKD
Summary
Quantum catalysis is a feasible approach to increase the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), involving the special zero-photon catalysis (ZPC) operation. The quantum photon catalysis operation, especially for zero-photon catalysis (ZPC), compared with the photon-subtraction operation applied to CVQKD, has larger success probability as well as better performance improvement in terms of secret key rate, transmission distance and tolerable excess noise[48,49,50].
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