Abstract
The development of increasingly advanced surveillance techniques and the strategic use of artificial intelligence are now intimately linked to the control of migration flows and are often a major cause of discrimination and violation of human rights and dignity. Yet such violations continue to occur amidst considerable economic investment and little oversight, in a legislative vacuum, and almost always with very little understanding of the technologies and the impact they have on the people and communities affected at the border. The article investigates all these aspects, which are still unclear, and little discussed in the institutional world and the public sphere in general.The methodology is linked to in-depth study and critical analysis of current literature on the presented topic. Comparisons between different realities and open questions will be made in order to understand the social and political gaps that are difficult to identify in this historical period.It is essential to reflect on the ethical and social issues related to the digital tracking of migration flows. The failure of institutions to act and the lack of attention of scholars and authorities would increase the risks migrants run on their journey. Migrants often lose control over their movements and choices and suffer the consequences of the decisions of systems that are considered innovative but which in the long term prove to be opaque and inefficient.
Highlights
In 2019, the number of refugees reached 74.5 million: a figure that has almost doubled since 2010
The development of increasingly advanced surveillance techniques and the strategic use of artificial intelligence are intimately linked to the control of migration flows and are often a major cause of discrimination and violation of human rights and dignity
Speak of ours as the "age of migration" if, as Stephen Castles (1993) suggests, we mean by this the fact that in recent years the movement of populations has become the field on which some of the most important games for political consensus are played
Summary
In 2019, the number of refugees reached 74.5 million: a figure that has almost doubled since 2010. Regular migration has become almost impossible due to increasingly restrictive policies. It is from this awareness, which is held by experts but not by the public, that it would perhaps be useful to start reforming, at least, the legal framework regulating immigration in Europe. A flow that puts those concerned in an almost constant state of surveillance An example of this system taken to the extreme has been implemented by the British government in recent years and aims to make the country inhospitable to immigrants by pushing them to leave, not to attempt the journey or transfer. More than 30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Europe is stronger today than it was . There are more than sixteen walls on the Old Continent, mostly built to counter migration (Brown, 2010)
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