Abstract
Renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic wind turbines, and wave power converters, use power converters to connect to the grid which causes a loss in rotational inertia. The attempt to meet the increasing energy demand means that the interest for the integration of renewable energy sources in the existing power system is growing, but such integration poses challenges to the operating stability. Power converters play a major role in the evolution of power system towards SmartGrids, by regulating as virtual synchronous generators. The concept of virtual synchronous generators requires an energy storage system with power converters to emulate virtual inertia similar to the dynamics of traditional synchronous generators. In this paper, a dynamic droop control for the estimation of fundamental reference sources is implemented in the control loop of the converter, including active and reactive power components acting as a mechanical input to the virtual synchronous generator and the virtual excitation controller. An inertia coefficient and a droop coefficient are implemented in the control loop. The proposed controller uses a current synchronous detection scheme to emulate a virtual inertia from the virtual synchronous generators. In this study, a wave energy converter as the power source is used and a power management of virtual synchronous generators to control the frequency deviation and the terminal voltage is implemented. The dynamic control scheme based on a current synchronous detection scheme is presented in detail with a power management control. Finally, we carried out numerical simulations and verified the scheme through the experimental results in a microgrid structure.
Highlights
The concern for climate change and the demand for energy have increased the demand for renewable energy considerably
A current synchronous detection (CSD) scheme based on the peak estimation of the individual phase voltages is well known for its excellent performance compared to the synchronous reference frame (SRF), the static reactive power compensator (STATCOM), and the instantaneous reactive power theory (IRPT) when the system is feeding unbalanced loads [42] [43]
It is worth noting that the initial grid synchronization is achieved by using a PLL, and the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is smoothly synchronized with the grid
Summary
The concern for climate change and the demand for energy have increased the demand for renewable energy considerably. When the rotating inertia drops, it causes a variation in the frequency that can lead to an unstable grid situation To overcome this situation a virtual inertia can be added by introducing short-term energy storage (ES) [17]. A current synchronous detection (CSD) scheme based on the peak estimation of the individual phase voltages is well known for its excellent performance compared to the SRF, the STATCOM, and the IRPT when the system is feeding unbalanced loads [42] [43]. The increasing shares of inverter connected RES are causing a drop in the rotational inertia of the power system.
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