Abstract
AmpC is a group I, class C -lactamase present in most Enterobacteriaceae and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. The β-lactam class of antibiotics is one of the most important structural classes of antibacterial compounds and act by inhibiting the bacterial D ,D - transpeptidases that are responsible for the final step of peptidoglycan cross-linking. Our main aim in the study is to screen possible inhibitors against AmpC / β - lactamase (an enzyme responsible for antimicrobial activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa), through virtual screening of 1364 NCI (National Cancer Institute) diversity set II compounds. Homology Model of AmpC / β - lactamase was constructed using MODELLER and the Model was validated using PROCHECK and Verify 3D programs to obtain a stable structure, which was further used for virtual screening of NCI (National Cancer Institute) diversity set II compounds through molecular Docking studies using Autodock. The amino acid sequence of the β - lactamase was also subjected to ScanProsite web server to find any pattern present in the sequence. After the prediction of 3-dimensional model of AmpC/ β-lactamase, the possible Active sites ofβ - lactamase were determined using LIGSITE(csc) and CastP web servers simultaneously. The Docked complexes were validated and Enumerated based on the Autodock Scoring function to pick out the best inhibitor based on Autodock energy score. Thus from the entire 1364 NCI diversity set II compounds which were Docked, the best four docking solutions were selected (ZINC12670903, ZINC17465965, ZINC11681166 and ZINC13099024). Further the Complexes were analyzed through LIGPLOT for their interaction for the 4 best docked NCI diversity set II compounds. Thus from the Complex scoring and binding ability it is deciphered that these NCI diversity set II compounds could be promising inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa using AmpC /β - lactamase as Drug target yet pharmacological studies have to confirm it.
Highlights
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning that it exploits some break in the host defenses to initiate an infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the epitome of an opportunistic pathogen of humans
Due to emergence of multidrug resistant and extremely drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes searching for drugs that are effective against these strains imperative
Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning that it exploits some break in the host defenses to initiate an infection. The bacterium almost never infects uncompromised tissues, yet there is hardly any tissue that it cannot infect if the tissue defenses are compromised in some manner It causes urinary tract infections, respiratory system infections, dermatitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia, bone and joint infections, gastrointestinal infections and a variety of systemic infections, in patients with severe burns and in cancer and AIDS patients who are immunosuppressed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, or can develop resistance during treatment with consequent high mortality, and is, increasingly, a cause of infection in immunocompromised patients. Resistant mutants showing constitutive high levels of AmpC production are frequently selected, leading to therapeutic failure [9]. Due to emergence of multidrug resistant and extremely drug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes searching for drugs that are effective against these strains imperative
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