Abstract
.Significance: Polyp size is important for selecting the surveillance interval or treatment policy. Nevertheless, it is challenging to accurately estimate the polyp size during endoscopy. An easy and cost-effective function to assist in polyp size estimation is required.Aim: To propose a virtual scale function for endoscopy and evaluate its performance and expected accuracy.Approach: An adaptive virtual scale behavior was demonstrated. The measurement error of the virtual scale along the distance between the tip of the endoscope and the object plane was evaluated using graph paper. The accuracy of polyp size estimation by an expert endoscopist was compared with the accuracy of the biopsy forceps method using phantom images.Results: The measurement errors of the virtual scale were when the distance to the graph paper, which faced the tip of the endoscope, varied from 4 to 30 mm. The accuracy with the virtual scale was significantly higher than that obtained with biopsy forceps ( versus , ).Conclusions: The virtual scale function, which operates in real-time without any additional device, can be used to estimate polyp sizes easily and accurately with endoscopy.
Highlights
Polyp size is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer
The virtual scale function, which operates in real-time without any additional device, can be used to estimate polyp sizes and accurately with endoscopy
According to the preservation and incorporation of valuable endoscopic innovations in real-time endoscopic assessments of the histology of diminutive colorectal polyps proposed by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy,[4] diminutive lesions smaller than 5 mm should be targeted for resection and discarded because they are associated with low rates of invasive cancer and advanced histology such as villous adenomas and highly atypical adenomas
Summary
Polyp size is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer. Many guidelines or reports of colonoscopy make recommendations or provide decision trees according to the size of the detected polyp/adenoma. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy indicated the measurement bias associated with polyp sizes and recommended the use of a standardized polyp size measurement in the guidelines for post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance.[1] It is known that the measurement bias can be reduced using reference standards, such as open biopsy forceps or snares.[8,9] Some additional devices, such as graduated injection needles,[10] ruler snares,[11] calibrated hood,[12] virtual tape measures,[13] or structured light laser probes that project lattice patterns on the object,[14] have been proposed to improve accuracy These devices are effective for estimating the polyp size accurately. An easy and cost-effective function used to assist polyp size estimation is desired
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