Virtual Endoscopy and 3-D Reconstruction in the Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, and Skull Base Surgery: New Frontiers

Abstract

Innovations and advances in digital technology have helped to enhance preoperative diagnostic workup and precise surgical management of various pathologies in innately complex anatomical regions such as skull base lesions. These advancements have provided the medical fraternity yet another tool in their armamentarium in their thirst to conquer surgical fields. Virtual endoscopy provides understanding of anatomical structures and lesions in hidden areas. 3-D reconstruction and 3-D printing enable us to evaluate the extent of disease and help in effective planning of surgical approach. The virtual endoscopy and 3-D printing technology have allowed us to explain to patients the disease process and the surgical intervention enabling us to obtain informed consent. In view of these innovations, surgical training has also been revolutionized which would help future generations of surgical trainees to be trained in complex surgical procedures in a virtual environment. This chapter explores the advantages of virtual endoscopy, 3-D reconstruction, and 3-D printing in the field of paranasal sinuses and skull base surgery. These technologies would be of immense value in preoperative planning, patient education, surgical training, and precise surgical interventions. We sincerely hope that these new frontiers would improve the surgical outcome for the betterment of our patients and enhance surgical approach and training of future surgeons.