Abstract

Validation of headphone-based virtual auditory display technology is inherently difficult, given the potential for display hardware to interfere with normal sound field listening conditions due to occlusion of the pinna. This difficulty is eliminated if loudspeaker-based transaural techniques are instead used for the virtual auditory display. Transaural techniques also offer the advantage of being able to use the display loudspeakers, or other additional loudspeakers, as individual reference locations in order to validate the display under natural listening conditions in the same sound field. Such validation can also include explicit comparison to visual localization of the sound sources. In this way, the accuracy and precision of virtual source localization can be directly compared to real source localization, and optionally to visual localization. Results of a validation experiment of this type using non-individualized head-related transfer functions are reported and compared to analogous data from a headphone-based virtual auditory display. [Work supported by NEI.]

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