Abstract
Abstract Virginia pines (Christmas trees) and cattle can be economically produced on the same land if the trees are protected with electric fences from grazing, trampling, and rubbing. Without protective the combined operation is uneconomical, supporting the concept that "Christmas trees and cattle do not mix." The results from this study are mainly applicable to situations where the landowner is already in the livestock business but interested in diversifying into other alternative enterprises which can improve economics and management or marketing flexibility. The reverse, adding cattle to a Christmas tree business, is not suggested due to the additional investments needed for land, facilities, and livestock. South. J. Appl. For. 14(2):55-59.
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