Viral infections in acute peripheral facial paralysis. Nationwide analysis centering on CF.

Abstract

The degree of participation and regional specificity of virus infection in relation to atraumatic acute peripheral facial palsy was studied, placing particular emphasis on change in the CF titre of varicella zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and adenovirus (adeno). The subjects of the study were 91 patients with Hunt's syndrome and 396 patients with Bell's palsy treated at 17 institutions all over Japan in the period between April 1985 and November 1986. Among the cases of Hunt's syndrome, the positive conversion rate of CF antibody titre of VZV was 81%. In Bell's palsy cases, virus participation was detectable in 8% with VZV, 4% with HSV and 4% with adeno. With regard to the age distribution, Bell's palsy cases with possible virus involvement tended to be observed in younger patients than those without that possibility. As to regional specificity, the incidence of Bell's palsy with possible virus involvement tended to be higher in densely populated areas. With regard to the main cause of acute peripheral facial palsy, virus infection has been implicated, as well as insufficient blood circulation (ischemia). Even in cases of acute peripheral facial palsy, in which herpes zoster oticus is not observed, the participation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) as a cause of paralysis has been pointed out in some cases (zoster sine herpete). Furthermore, it is known that the serum antibody titres of various viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) change significantly in some cases of Bell's palsy (2, 5-13).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)