Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for infections due to chronic immunosuppression. Diarrhea is a commonly encountered problem post transplantation, with infectious causes of diarrhea being a frequent complication. Viral infections/enteritides in solid organ transplant recipients often result from frequently encountered pathogens in this population such as cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and norovirus. However, several emerging viral pathogens are increasingly being recognized as more sensitive diagnostic techniques become available. Treatment is often limited to supportive care and reduction in immunosuppression, though antiviral therapies mayplay a role in the treatment in certain diseases. Viral enteritis is an important entity that contributes to morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients.
Highlights
Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients face unique infectious risks in the setting of chronic immunosuppression
Viral enteritis in SOT recipients accounts for a significant proportion of infectious enteritis, resulting in morbidity and mortality
This review focuses on commonly encountered causes of viral enteritis, as well as emerging viral infections causing enteritis in SOT recipients
Summary
Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients face unique infectious risks in the setting of chronic immunosuppression. Diarrhea is a commonly encountered problem in SOT recipients, with prevalence in the range of 20–50% [1]. Diarrhea often leads to dehydration and malnourishment but can potentially cause organ rejection and even death. Causes of diarrhea after transplantation encompass a wide array of both infectious (bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens) and noninfectious etiologies. Viral enteritis in SOT recipients accounts for a significant proportion of infectious enteritis, resulting in morbidity and mortality. Adenovirus, rotavirus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV), but as more sensitive diagnostic techniques become available, several emerging viral causes of enteritis are being increasingly recognized. This review focuses on commonly encountered causes of viral enteritis, as well as emerging viral infections causing enteritis in SOT recipients
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