Violence towards health care workers in a Public Health Care Facility in Italy: a repeated cross-sectional study

Nicola Magnavita,Tarja Heponiemi

doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-108

Abstract

BackgroundViolence at work is one of the major concerns in health care activities. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of physical and non-physical violence in a general health care facility in Italy and to assess the relationship between violence and psychosocial factors, thereby providing a basis for appropriate intervention.MethodsAll health care workers from a public health care facility were invited to complete a questionnaire containing questions on workplace violence. Three questionnaire-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted. The response rate was 75 % in 2005, 71 % in 2007, and 94 % in 2009. The 2009 questionnaire contained the VIF (Violent Incident Form) for reporting violent incidents, the DCS (demand/control/support) model for job strain, the Colquitt 20 item questionnaire for perceived organizational justice, and the GHQ-12 General Health Questionnaire for the assessment of mental health.ResultsOne out of ten workers reported physical assault, and one out of three exposure to non-physical violence in the workplace in the previous year. Nurses and physicians were the most exposed occupational categories, whereas the psychiatric and emergency departments were the services at greatest risk of violence. Workers exposed to non-physical violence were subject to high job strain, low support, low perceived organizational justice, and high psychological distress.ConclusionOur study shows that health care workers in an Italian local health care facility are exposed to violence. Workplace violence was associated with high demand and psychological disorders, while job control, social support and organizational justice were protective factors.

Highlights

Violence at work is one of the major concerns in health care activities
For many years the workers had been accustomed to completing questionnaires while waiting for medical examination so they were aware that the questionnaires were anonymous and that the results would be used in their interest
We found that employees who experienced verbal violence in clinical settings had lower levels of perceived organizational justice and social support, higher levels of work-related stress and higher psychological problem scores than other HCWs

Summary

Introduction

Violence at work is one of the major concerns in health care activities. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of physical and non-physical violence in a general health care facility in Italy and to assess the relationship between violence and psychosocial factors, thereby providing a basis for appropriate intervention. It is difficult to analyze the literature on health care violence because of differences in definitions and methods [23]. Data have been collected at a single point in time, in many cases with a low response rate (e.g.: % [7], % [27], 33 % [17], 36 % [8], 39 % [15]). This lack of knowledge hampers preventive measures. Co-worker violence threatens the well-being of hospital employees and should be regularly tracked with other forms of workplace aggression [26]

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Discussion

Conclusion