Abstract
Abstract Violence against women takes many forms and may be physical or psychological, with the goal of intimidation and control. Sexual violence ranges from unwanted contact to rape. Rape may be the stereotypical stranger attack, but more frequently it is verbally or physically coerced sexual inter-course by an acquaintance. According to Amnesty International (1992), rape also occurs during cultural rituals involving genital contact, arranged marriages of children, gynecological procedures (rupture of the hymen, genital mutilation, induced abortions), forced prostitution, and sexual slavery. Rape of refugees and wartime rape have also been documented. Physical violence is most frequently manifested in cases of battering and wife abuse, as well as dating violence. Violence also can be seen in cases where men isolate women and deprive them of educational and employment opportunities, and in the case of immigrant women, denial of access to their green cards. These forms of violence share in common the fact that they are frequently committed by men known to the girls and women.
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