Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament, a cytoskeleton protein expressed mainly in cells of mesenchymal origin. Increasing evidence indicates that vimentin could play a key role in viral infections. Therefore, changes in tissue and extracellular vimentin expression and associated signal trails may determine/protect the fate of cells and the progression of disease caused by viral infection. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), genotype GI.1, is an etiological agent that causes a severe and highly lethal disease—RHD (rabbit hemorrhagic disease). This article evaluates the gene and protein expression of vimentin in the tissues (liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys) and serum of rabbits experimentally infected with two RHDV variants (GI.1a). The VIM mRNA expression levels in the tissues were determined using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In addition, the amount of vimentin protein in the serum was analyzed by an ELISA test. We observed significantly elevated expression levels of VIM mRNA and protein in the liver and kidney tissues of infected rather than healthy rabbits. In addition, VIM mRNA expression was increased in the lung tissues; meanwhile, we observed only protein-enhanced vimentin in the spleen. The obtained results are significant and promising, as they indicate the role of vimentin in RHDV infection and the course of RHD. The role of vimentin in RHDV infection could potentially rely on the one hand, on creating a cap of invisibility against the intracellular viral spread, or, on the other hand, after the damage of cells, vimentin could act as a signal of tissue damage.
Highlights
Vimentin is a multifunctional protein whose primary function is maintaining cell shape and cytoskeletal stability
To examine the expression patterns of the assessed gene during Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) infection, we first assessed the vimentin gene (VIM) mRNA levels in the different tissues and compared these findings to the levels obtained in the tissues of the healthy controls
The mRNA and protein expression of vimentin were analyzed in the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney tissue samples from the RHDV-infected rabbits and the control tissues (Figure 1)
Summary
Vimentin is a multifunctional protein whose primary function is maintaining cell shape and cytoskeletal stability. Regarding EMT, cells lose their epithelial characteristics, especially polarity, and obtain a migratory behavior [10]. This leads to them altering their shape and exhibiting increased motility [10]. It has been shown that extracellular vimentin has a pleiotropic action [22,23]. It is involved in multiple pathophysiological processes related to immune cell activation, pathogen recognition and interaction, and tissue repair [22,23]
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