Viktimološka analiza rizika od viktimizacije kod klimatskih promjena u Bosni i Hercegovini

Abstract

The idea that every human being has the right to a clean and healthy environment has captivated the imagination of people worldwide. Is this the case with environmental human rights? The United Nations Charter (1945), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), and the two human rights covenants - The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (both were adopted in 1966 and entered into force in 1977) omit any reference to whether being human encompasses such a right. Socioeconomic and cultural rights include the rights to dignity, education, health, food, water, sick leave, family leave, and employment, while the right to a healthy environment presents a boundary between these and various other rights. In an attempt to address this issue, the authors first analyze the meaning of the right to environmental protection. They specifically scrutinize the outcomes of the European Climate Conference regarding the scientific contributions to climate change transformations on the European continent, held on May 15th and 16th, 2023, in Warsaw. Additionally, the paper presents insights into climate change and the victimization of citizens, along with the risks of victimization associated with these changes. Building on the discussion, special attention is directed towards the issue of the relationship between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). To achieve an adequate standardization and regulation level, urgent preventive measures are proposed to address victimization in the context of climate change in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of ensuring the right of all citizens to live in a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment.