Vigilancia del desarrollo infantil en la atención primaria: ausencia de hitos y factores associados

Ana Luiza Vilela Borges,Aurea Tamami Minagawa Toriyama,Elizabeth Fujimori,Katherine Solís-Cordero,Rebeca Ishi Munhoz,Claudia Nery Teixeira Palombo,Luciane Simões Duarte

doi:10.1590/1806-93042020000400002

Ana Luiza Vilela Borges, Aurea Tamami Minagawa Toriyama + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042020000400002

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Abstract

Abstract Objectives: to identify the absence of one or more general child development milestones and by domains, and associated factors. Methods: cross-sectional study with 334 children under three years of age conducted out at Primary Health Care Facilities, São Paulo, Brazil. The dependent variable was the general child development and the fine motor, gross motor, social and psychic domains evaluated using the Developmental Surveillance Instrument of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Data were obtained by interviewing the mothers and observing children. The chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used. Results: absence of one or more milestones of general child development was found in 52.1% of children, especially, in the fine motor domain. We found an association between general child development with age (OR = 4.4; CI95%= 2.0-9.9) and the place of stay of the child who does not attend daycare (OR = 3.7; CI95%= 1.3-10.5). Conclusions: the absence of one or more milestones of general child development is high and associated with aspects of the child and the environment. This emphasizes the importance of promoting developmental surveillance in Primary Health Care Facilities among health professionals using the official instrument recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.

Highlights

According to the Inter-American Development Bank, despite the progress in health and nutrition conditions of the child population in the Latin American region, data related to child development are incipient.[3]
Out of the 358 children, there was a loss of 24 due to incomplete information on child development, thereby resulting in a sample of 334 children included in the study
The absence of one or more general child development milestones was high among children under three years of age in much higher proportions than those found in similar studies, which were 35.5%5

Summary

Introduction

Evidence shows that in low- and middle-income countries, children under the age of five are at risk of not reaching their maximum development potential.[1,2] According to the Inter-American Development Bank, despite the progress in health and nutrition conditions of the child population in the Latin American region, data related to child development are incipient.[3]. Child development is a complex process that begins from conception and involves aspects of physical growth, neurological, behavioral, cognitive, social and emotional maturation. It is the result of the interaction of biological, socio-environmental, health and nutritional characteristics, such as: birthweight,[4,9] nutritional status,[4,10] hemoglobin level,[9] breastfeeding,[10] income and educational level of parents,[4,11,12] maternal age and care.[12,13] there has been an increase in the use of electronic devices, even among young children, which can have adverse effects on the development.[14]

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