Abstract
Binocular vision is often assumed to make a specific, critical contribution to online visual control of grasping by providing precise information about the separation between digits and object. This account overlooks the ‘viewing geometry’ typically encountered in grasping, however. Separation of hand and object is rarely aligned precisely with the line of sight (the visual depth dimension), and analysis of the raw signals suggests that, for most other viewing angles, binocular feedback is less precise than monocular feedback. Thus, online grasp control relying selectively on binocular feedback would not be robust to natural changes in viewing geometry. Alternatively, sensory integration theory suggests that different signals contribute according to their relative precision, in which case the role of binocular feedback should depend on viewing geometry, rather than being ‘hard-wired’. We manipulated viewing geometry, and assessed the role of binocular feedback by measuring the effects on grasping of occluding one eye at movement onset. Loss of binocular feedback resulted in a significantly less extended final slow-movement phase when hand and object were separated primarily in the frontoparallel plane (where binocular information is relatively imprecise), compared to when they were separated primarily along the line of sight (where binocular information is relatively precise). Consistent with sensory integration theory, this suggests the role of binocular (and monocular) vision in online grasp control is not a fixed, ‘architectural’ property of the visuo-motor system, but arises instead from the interaction of viewer and situation, allowing robust online control across natural variations in viewing geometry.
Highlights
Efficient grasping requires fine online control of the position and closing speed of the digits with respect to a target object
In this paper we examine whether the role of binocular vision in online grasp control is consistent with predictions of sensory integration theory, or is instead better accounted for by the binocular specialism account
We report the results of an experiment examining whether the role of binocular vision in online grasp control varies with viewing angle, in the manner predicted by sensory integration theory, or is instead consistent with the binocular specialism account
Summary
Efficient grasping requires fine online control of the position and closing speed of the digits with respect to a target object. We report the results of an experiment examining whether the role of binocular vision in online grasp control varies with viewing angle, in the manner predicted by sensory integration theory, or is instead consistent with the binocular specialism account. We assessed the contribution of binocular vision to online grasp control by measuring the effect on grasp kinematics of covering one eye at movement onset We did this at three different viewing angles, to vary the relative precision of binocular and monocular signals to digit-object separation. According to sensory integration theory, the contribution of binocular vision to online grasp control will decrease systematically with increasing viewing angle, as the relative precision of the binocular signal is reduced (Fig. 1). This account, predicts increased time in the slow phase at all viewing angles, including when looking directly down on the hand and object
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