Video tampering dataset development in temporal domain for video forgery authentication

Abstract

Videos are tampered by the forgers to modify or remove their content for malicious purpose. Many video authentication algorithms are developed to detect this tampering. At present, very few standard and diversified tampered video dataset is publicly available for reliable verification and authentication of forensic algorithms. In this paper, we propose the development of total 210 videos for Temporal Domain Tampered Video Dataset (TDTVD) using Frame Deletion, Frame Duplication and Frame Insertion. Out of total 210 videos, 120 videos are developed based on Event/Object/Person (EOP) removal or modification and remaining 90 videos are created based on Smart Tampering (ST) or Multiple Tampering. 16 original videos from SULFA and 24 original videos from YouTube (VTD Dataset) are used to develop different tampered videos. EOP based videos include 40 videos for each tampering type of frame deletion, frame insertion and frame duplication. ST based tampered video contains multiple tampering in a single video. Multiple tampering is developed in three categories (1) 10-frames tampered (frame deletion, frame duplication or frame insertion) at 3-different locations (2) 20-frames tampered at 3- different locations and (3) 30-frames tampered at 3-different locations in the video. Proposed TDTVD dataset includes all temporal domain tampering and also includes multiple tampering videos. The resultant tampered videos have video length ranging from 6 s to 18 s with resolution 320X240 or 640X360 pixels. The database is comprised of static and dynamic videos with various activities, like traffic, sports, news, a ball rolling, airport, garden, highways, zoom in zoom out etc. This entire dataset is publicly accessible for researchers, and this will be especially valuable to test their algorithms on this vast dataset. The detailed ground truth information like tampering type, frames tampered, location of tampering is also given for each developed tampered video to support verifying tampering detection algorithms. The dataset is compared with state of the art and validated with two video tampering detection methods.