Abstract
We have developed a fiber-based, video-rate fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for noninvasive in vivo sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping. Concurrent acquisition of fluorescence and reference signals allowed the efficient generation of ratio-metric data for 3D image reconstruction. Accurate depth localization and high sensitivity to fluorescent targets were established in to depths of >10 mm. In vivo accumulation of indocyanine green (ICG) dye was imaged in the region of the SLN following intradermal injection into the forepaw of rats. These results suggest that video-rate fluorescence DOT has significant potential as a clinical tool for noninvasive mapping of SLN.
Highlights
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the current standard procedure used for prognostic staging of cancers and therapeutic guidance
These results demonstrate that fiber-based, videorate fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a practical and powerful tool that is well suited to a wide array of potential imaging applications, ranging from sentinel lymph node mapping to monitoring cancer therapy progression
The results demonstrate the potential of the video-rate fluorescence DOT system to image the in vivo dynamics of dye accumlation in sentinel lymph node (SLN)
Summary
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the current standard procedure used for prognostic staging of cancers and therapeutic guidance. SLNB is a minimally-invasive procedure that involves the removal of sentinel nodes (the first lymph nodes that receive drainage from the primary tumor) for nodal staging. The location of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is routinely determined by injecting radioactive lymphophilic tracer dye intra-operatively around the tumor region. Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an emerging deep tissue (>3 mm) imaging technique that has great potential as an alternative to radioactive tracer analysis for noninvasive detection and imaging of the sentinel lymph node. While fluorescence DOT often operates on the time scales of minutes to hours, the method has the potential for imaging at higher speeds above the respiratory and cardiac fluctuations, allowing it to capture pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diagnostic and therapeutic agents
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