Video Hysteroscopy in the Diagnosis of Molar Pregnancy in two Challenging Situations: Complete Mole with Normal hCG and Partial Mole with Early Gestational Age

Abstract

To present the first hysteroscopic findings of 2 cases of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) within the context of the patients' clinical histories. Presentation of 2 hysteroscopic videos with narration of the intrauterine findings of molar pregnancy (MP) from Rio de Janeiro Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Reference Center. MP is characterized by abnormal fertilization that generates 2 clinical syndromes: CHM and PHM [1]. In the first case, the patient was aged 50 years, and hysteroscopy was indicated to assess abnormal uterine bleeding in the presence of normal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and transvaginal ultrassonography showing an endometrial cavity with heterogeneous content. Hysteroscopy found translucent hydropic structures diagnosed as CHM. The negative hCG value was due to the hook effect (hCG after dilution: 2 240 000 IU/L). In the second case, an 18-year-old patient underwent hysteroscopy to assess the endometrial cavity with retained abortion at 7 weeks in which, during conservative management, the hCG level increased over 4 weeks from 25 000 IU/L to 58 000 IU/L. Hysteroscopy visualized the embryo with its umbilical cord and hydatidiform vesicles diagnosed as PHM. MP can be an incidental finding during hysteroscopy for abnormal uterine bleeding or retained abortion [2-4]. Knowing its morphology during hysteroscopy is helpful for the correct management of this uncommon clinical situation. Hysteroscopy as an adjunct diagnostic tool (not as first-line treatment for MP) can be of significant benefit in challenging clinical scenarios. Further studies should assess the possible risk of spreading molar cells into the peritoneal cavity owing to hysteroscopic fluid.