Video electroencephalogram analysis of 100 cases of intellectual disability children with unexplained pathogenic factor

Abstract

Objective To observe 100 video-electroencephalogram (EEG)-cases of intellectual disability (ID) children, to analyze their EEG features of different degrees of ID, to explore the relationship between EEG changes and ID. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of long-range video-EEGs of 100 children with an unexplained reason of ID from July 2016 to May 2018 in the department of pediatrics of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, summarized their EEG manifestations, and compared their differences among different degrees of ID. We carried out χ2 test according to the degree of ID, and discussed the relationship between the degree of ID and EEG. Results Among 100 cases of ID children with unexplained pathogenic factor, 67 cases (67%) of them were males, 33 cases (33%) of females, 38 cases (38%)of mild ID, 27 cases (27%) of moderate ID and 35 cases (35%) of severe ID. The EEG background of ID patients showed fast waves (11%), slow waves (15%), generalized discharges (14%) and focal discharges (36%), etc. Focal sharp and spike-wave were the most common in children with moderate ID, while background changes and multifocal sharp spike wave were more common in severe ID children. Conclusions The EEG background changes in children with severe ID have significant differences than mild and moderate degree ones. The specific features of EEG in mild and moderate degree ones is focal discharges, while multiple discharges in severe ID patients. Changes in the EEG may be related to the extent of intellectual disability. Key words: Mental retardation; Electroencephalography; Child