Abstract
PurposeVideo corroboration of player incurred impacts (PII) using trunk-worn wearable sensors (WS) among national ice-hockey team members.Methods23 members of the U.S. National (NTDP) U18 team consented to procedures approved by EMU Human Subjects Committee. Bioharness-3 (Zephyr, MD) WS recorded occurrences of PII during games and impacts were generated using Impact Processor (Zephyr, MD). Eight players with the top activity levels each game determined by WS, were observed using video and synchronized with game video collected by NTDP staff. Impacts identified by WS of 6–7.9 g (Z3), 8–9.9 g (Z4) and 10+ g (Z5) were used to corroborate PII. Magnitude and duration of each identified impact were compared by category using MANOVA with Tukey post hoc (α = 0.05; SPSS 22.0, IBM, NY).ResultsOf 419 on-ice impacts, 358 were confirmed true PII (85.5%), 60 as other non-PII (14.3%) and 1 false positive (0.2%). For 358 PII, 17 (4.1%) were 1) Board contact/no check, 74 (17.7%), 2) Board contact/check, 202 (48.2%), 3) Open ice check, 65 (15.5%), 4) Player fall. Of 60 Non-PII, 19 (4.5%) as 5) other form of player to player event, 16 (3.8%) as 6) Hard Stop, 19 (4.5%) as 7) Slapshots and 6 (1.4%) as 8) other identifiable player events. 160 of the 200 Z3 events were PII (80%), 103 of 110 Z4 events (93.6%) and 95 of 109 Z5 events were PII (87.2%). The magnitude of impacts was not different by category, but the duration of category 6 (Hard stop; .058 s) was lower than categories 2, 4 and 7 (.112, .112, .133 s, respectively, p < .05).ConclusionThese data show that using some limited criteria (e.g. impact magnitude and duration), PII can be identified with relatively high accuracy in ice hockey using trunk-worn wearable sensors.
Highlights
Youth sport participation has declined in recent years
The magnitude of impacts was not different by category, but the duration of category 6 (Hard stop; .058 s) was lower than categories 2, 4 and 7 (.112, .112, .133 s, respectively, p < .05). These data show that using some limited criteria, player incurred impacts (PII) can be identified with relatively high accuracy in ice hockey using trunk-worn wearable sensors
The purpose of this study was to use video to corroborate impacts identified by trunk-worn wearable sensors (WS) and determine validity of player incurred impacts (PII) among elite national ice hockey team members
Summary
Youth sport participation has declined in recent years. There may be several likely contributors to this drop in participation, but, in contact sports, there is increasing concern for athlete safety [1]. Youth tackle football was met with a 29% decline in participation of 6–12 year old’s between 2008 and 2013 [2]. Despite the healthy participation rates in youth ice-hockey relative to other sports, growth is slow and there is still debate about the inclusion of checking in the sport and at what age it is appropriate. To this point, in 2011, USA Hockey raised the minimum age that body checking is permitted from 11–12 years (Pee Wee) to 13–14 years (Bantam level) [4]. With the equivocal nature of epidemiological data, there is a clear need for more quantitative data with regard to actual impacts incurred by players participating in ice-hockey
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