Abstract
Following escape training in a straight runway, hooded rats were given differential treatment during extinction: Midsegment punishment on every trial, midsegment punishment on the first four trials only, midsegment punishment on the first trial only, startbox punishment on the first four trials only, or no punishment. Punishment led to vicious-circle behavior, that is, greater resistance to extinction than in a no-punishment condition, only when it was administered in the midsegment of the runway on four or more trials. The results support the interpretation that, during extinction, running is learned to the altered stimulus conditions present in the start area.
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