Abstract
A total of 27 volunteer college student subjects were trained in a “vicious circle” paradigm. A buzzer previously paired with an electric shock was used as a secondary punishing stimulus for one group during the extinction. A second group also received presentations of the buzzer contingent upon the learned responses during extinction, but had not had the pairings of the buzzer and the shock. A third group was a regular extinction control. The punished extinction group showed significantly greater resistance to extinction than either of the control groups. Possible clinical significance of human vicious circle response to a secondary punishing stimulus is discussed.
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