Vibroacoustic Technology for Real Time Leak Detection and Pig Tracking on Offshore and Onshore Pipelines

Abstract

Abstract The primary objective of this paper is to present and assess the effectiveness of Vibroacoustic Technology as a reliable and robust asset integrity monitoring system for offshore and onshore pipelines by analysing data from actual leakages and pigging. Specifically, the focus will be on its capability to detect leaks and track Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIGs) in real-time. Vibroacoustic Technology is a robust detection system employed in pipeline networks to identify leakages, deforming impacts, PIGs location and various types of third-party interferences (TPI). By strategically placing specialized sensors at regular intervals along the pipeline, this technology can effectively capture vibroacoustic waves generated by these activities as they propagate through the pipeline structure and transported fluid. The data collected for leakage detection and localization is also utilized for real-time tracking of PIGs to determine their precise location. Following the installation of vibroacoustic sensors on the pipeline, comprehensive test campaigns were conducted to simulate various spillage scenarios. These test campaigns not only assessed the performance of the detection system but also evaluated its response time. After collecting data for approximately one month, the system was calibrated and officially deployed. With the introduction of Vibroacoustic Technology, the tracking of PIGs became possible using the same data collected by the sensors, providing real-time updates on the PIG's position and traveling velocity. Significant research and testing have been carried out worldwide on the application of VT in pipelines, yielding exceptional results on both transferring and shut-in conditions. This paper presents the outcomes of a spill test campaign conducted on a pipeline in Italy, focusing on the system's sensitivity and the statistical data obtained during the passage of a PIG. Vibroacoustic Technology is a reliable detection system designed to meet the demands of complex pipeline operations, cost-effective, non-invasive and easy retrofitting. By strategically placing sensors every tens of kilometres apart along the pipeline, it can detect even small leakages caused by corrosion or illegal tapping. Real time monitoring of pipeline integrity helps prevent severe environmental contaminations associated with leakages, making the system indispensable in ensuring the safety and efficiency of pipeline networks. Furthermore, the system provides the added benefit of accurate PIG tracking.