Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is one of the emergent food-borne pathogens that are commensally associated with various shellfish species throughout the world. It is strictly environmental and many strains are pathogenic to humans. The virulent strains cause distinct diseases, including wound infections, septicemia, and most commonly, acute gastroenteritis, which is acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish. Vp has two type three secretion systems (T3SSs), which triggering its cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity via their effectors. To better understand the pathogenesis of Vp, we established a cell infection model in vitro using a non-phagocytic cell line. Caco-2 cells were infected with different strains of Vp (pandemic and non-pandemic strains) and several parameters of cytotoxicity were measured together with adhesion and invasion indices, which reflect the pathogen's virulence. Our results show that Vp adheres to cell monolayers and can invade non-phagocytic cells. It also survives and persists in non-phagocytic cells by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), allowing its replication, and resulting in complete cellular destruction. We conclude that the pathogenicity of Vp is based on its capacities for adhesion and invasion. Surprisingly's; enhanced of ROS resistance period could promote the survival of Vp inside the intestinal tract, facilitating tissue infection by repressing the host's oxidative stress response.
Highlights
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a good example of emergent food pathogens
INVASION AND REPLICATION OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS INSIDE HOST CELLS No bacteria were recovered from the RIMD-treated cells at 30, 60, or 120 min after infection, but bacteria were recovered at 180 min (Figures 2A–E)
The same observation was made of all cells infected with Vp005, Vp029, or Vp038 after 30 min, but no bacteria were recovered from Vp029-treated cells at 60 min
Summary
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a good example of emergent food pathogens It is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium found in estuarine, marine, and coastal environments. Where the virulent strains are transmitted by the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, it is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis (Newton et al, 2012). The diarrhea it causes is self-limiting, it can cause septicemia, which can be life threatening to patients with pre existing medical conditions (Su and Liu, 2007). In the United States, it has become the leading agent of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption (Newton et al, 2012)
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