Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the bacterial pathogen responsible for the disease cholera, plaguing many developing nations and areas of poor sanitation, and causing about 2.9 million cases and ~95 000 deaths annually. It is transmitted through contaminated water and infects the host using two major virulence factors: the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CT). TCP is important for colonization of the host gut mucosal layer where CT is released and passes through the gastroendothelial wall to cause watery diarrhea. Biofilm formation by V. cholerae provides protection and a means of transportation for the bacteria to colonize a wide range of environments such as humans and aquatic reservoirs. V. cholerae is used as a model organism to study virulence due to its high infectious dose, ease of genetic manipulation, and rapid replication time. It is also a model for studying chemical signaling such as cell-to-cell communication via quorum sensing and cyclic dinucleotide signaling.
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