Abstract
Vaccines presently employed do not provide adequate protection against cholera [1] despite the fact that high titers of humoral agglutinating and vibriocidal antibody are produced. Intestinal immunity is now believed to be of major significance in control of the disease. Several investigators have explored the ability of heat-killed [2] and live nonpathogenic [3] oral vaccines to stimulate local immunity. There are arguments for their effectiveness; Freter found coproantibodies in 77 96 of orally vaccinated human volunteers but in only 47 96 of those vaccinated parenterally [2]. The stable nonpathogenic nature of the water strains Vibrio cholerae biotype el tor water 6 (EW-6) and V. cholerae biotype el tor Middle East 7 (ME-7) has been investigated thoroughly [3-7]. Sanyal et al. [8] found that both heatstable somatic and heat-labile soluble antigens of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae are present in whole cell lysates of EW-6. In gel double-diffusion tests, they found that 2 soluble antigens gave lines of identity with choleragenic toxin. Sanyal et al. [6] demonstrated antitoxic immunity produced by intraintestinal administration of live EW-6 vibrios. Using ME-7 as a live oral vaccine, Bhattacharya et al. [5] found that experimental rabbits developed antitoxic immunity. The data of Mukerjee and his colleagues [3-6, 8] can be interpreted as showing that a trace of
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