Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strains isolated in 1992 from Varanasi, India harboured El Tor CTXΦ and classical ctxB on the chromosome-I and classical CTXΦ and classical ctxB on the chromosome-II

Abstract

In this study, we report the presence of the El Tor CTXΦ and classical CTXΦ in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from Varanasi, India. Polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed that, although ctx-positive strains isolated after 1990 contain CTXΦ harbouring El Tor type of rstR and classical ctxB, strains isolated before 1990 contain El Tor type of rstR and El Tor ctxB. Two V. cholerae O1 strains (VC104 and VC106) represent an altered/hybrid strain containing the RS1 element followed by CTXΦ prophage harbouring El Tor type rstR and classical ctxB on the chromosome-I and RS2 element followed by second copy of CTXΦ prophage harbouring classical type rstR and classical ctxB on the chromosome-II. This is the first report of occurrence of El Tor CTXΦ harbouring classical ctxB and classical CTXΦ harbouring classical ctxB in chromosome-I and -II, respectively in diarrhoeal isolates of V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains from Varanasi, India, and that had been isolated in 1992.