Abstract
Accurate knowledge of the near-surface velocity macromodel is vital for hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization that utilize seismic data because this model is crucial for statics and depthing. However, determination of near-surface velocities using direct measurements via uphole surveys is economically prohibitive. Consequently, geophysicists face a problem when determining how to interpolate between sparse near-surface well control when near-surface velocity varies laterally with lithology that, in turn, does not vary equally in all directions. Therefore, techniques are needed to estimate near-surface velocity using other available data in order to minimize the associated risk resulting from incomplete knowledge of the near-surface velocity model.
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