Abstract
The adsorption of quaterthiophene (4T) on Ag(111) has been studied using TPD, XPS and FT-IRRAS. TPD measurements allow the monolayers and multilayers to be distinguished. The FT-IRRAS results show that in the monolayer the 4T molecule is oriented parallel to the surface and bonded to Ag via the π-electron system. Also in the next few layers (∼ 5), 4T is planar in the trans-planar conformation (C2h symmetry) with predominantly parallel orientation to the surface. With increasing thickness, 4T forms a disordered phase with a twisted conformation which causes a symmetry change from the C2h to the C2 point group. This twisted phase is metastable and changes into a crystalline phase for> 30 layers as a result of intermolecular interaction, of overlap of pz electrons and of steric hindrance. Such a growth behaviour of oligomer layers has several consequences for applications.
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