Abstract
In this study, laminated composite materials were hybridized with E-glass fiber and Nitinol (Nickel-Titanium) wires. Hand lay-up technique was used to prepare the samples, epoxy resin type (Sikadur 52 N) was used as matrix reinforced by one fiber from E-glass fiber woven roving with embedded nitinol wires with a diameter 0.5 mm for samples and number of wires such as 0, 1, 3, 5 and 9 to find the effect of the number of wires on the natural frequency. The samples were fixed as a cantilever beam. The effects of increasing the number of nitinol wires, the diameter of nitinol wires, the length of the cantilever beam and the thickness of beam on the natural frequencies of the beam were studied. Also, the effects of the tapered in width side and thickness side on the natural frequencies of cantilever beam were studied. The results showed that the increasing in the number of nitinol wires and the diameter of nitinol wires lead to decrease the natural frequency in martensite phase and increase the natural frequency in austenite phase. Also, the increasing in thickness of beam and width ratio of the beam lead to increase the natural frequency. As well as, the increasing in the thickness ratio leads to increase the first natural frequency and decrease the second and third ones. In addition, the increasing in the length of the beam decreases the natural frequency.
Highlights
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have been on the front of research due to that the shape memory alloy (SMA) are unique alloys having ability to remember an original shape after being deformed
The results showed the phase transformation starting from martensite to austenite phase and that led to increasing in the stiffness of the plate, which results in increasing in the natural frequency
In figure (7) the modulus of elasticity increased by 5.02% if the number of embedded nitinol wires rose from 1 to 20 in the phase of martensite, the modulus of elasticity increased by 13.914% the number of embedded nitinol wires raised from 1 to 20 in the phase of austenite
Summary
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have been on the front of research due to that the SMAs are unique alloys having ability to remember an original shape after being deformed. Lau et al [1] estimated the natural frequency of glass fiber composite beams with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The results showed the natural frequencies of all the beams decrease with increasing number of SMA wires in martensitic phase. The smart composite cantilever beam contains a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with attached SMAs externally and with surface bonded PZT. 4140 steel, shape memory alloys (Ni-Ti, Cu-Zn-Al and Cu-Al-Ni) in blade root connection was used. The results showed that the maximum total deformation was observed in the fifth mode of the natural frequency for the blade root connection from Cu-Zn-Al alloy. Gupta et al [5] studied the effect of shape memory alloys to increase the damping of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites. The results exhibited the damping ratio of SMA hybrid composite beam was found to be higher as compared to the pristine and steel hybrid GFRP composite beam
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
