Vibration analysis in the process of operation of installations and machines from the oil industry

Abstract

Vibrations are alternative movements made by the mechanical system in relation to the reference state, being caused by disruptive forces (excitations) whose sizes, directions or points of application vary over time. From the multitude of parameters that, by measuring, give an image of the operating state, the vibrations and noise produced by machines and machines have attracted the attention of researchers, designers, builders and specialists in operation in recent years. Also the vibration and noise offer a high sensitivity to the analysis, but also individuality to the concrete situations, only apparently repeated. The development of vibration and noise measurement techniques, as well as the development of signal processing techniques, have allowed important improvements in the control, monitoring and diagnostic systems. The vibration diagnostics of the state of operation of facilities, installations and machinery in the oil industry is based on the fact that in the energy transfer process, oriented towards the realization of a given function, different components, located on the route of the transfer, can be excited mechanically, and thus the vibration. Monitoring the operation of the installations and machines in operation by the specific parameters of the operating process, by vibration, temperature etc., is recognized as an important way to increase the reliability, operating efficiency, reduce production and operating costs. For use or installation of monitoring systems is to check normality operation, to detect deviations potential „problems” and to provide information, decision support and interventions to disconnect or shutdown and for diagnosis. The accumulation, classification, analysis of these results, gathered in diagnostic databases, with the help of advanced processing techniques, are capable of ensuring, first of all, the objectivity of the diagnosis.