Abstract

Set-valued analysis combined with the principles of maintenance and acquisition allow the handling of heterogeneity, uncertainty, and diversity of economic trajectories. It makes models stem from constraints, instead of having an optimum found from a guessed (and often stylized) model. A review of realistic applications at the heart of population economics shows the explanation power of viability theory, including the economic theory of the life cycle, vintage models, the demographic transition, network analysis, population and environment, the origin of preferences, endogenous growth, diffusion. The optimum principle is articulated with viability.

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