Abstract
Panoramic X-ray is well known to cause DNA damage and induces cellular death. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of radiation exposure from panoramic radiography on human buccal mucosa cells by assessing the cell viability using the simple-trypan blue exclusion test. The genotoxicity effect was evaluated by assessing comet assay score. This research included a total of 20 healthy patients who had panoramic radiography for a routine dental examination. Buccal mucosa cells were collected from all participants before X-ray exposure and at 30 min or 24 h after exposure in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, and subjected to a comet assay and trypan blue exclusion test to assess cell viability and DNA damage. Cell viability was calculated as the ratio of live (translucent) to total counted cells. Comet assay output images were analysed using OpenComet software and a visual score by measuring the percentages of tail DNA and summing the visual score, respectively. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduce in cell viability was observed at 30 min after exposure, furthermore there is no more reduction after 24 h. Both comet assay measurements showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of tail DNA and visual score at 30 min after exposure, then tend to decrease after 24 h of exposure, although it was not significant (p > 0.05). The results showed that panoramic radiography interfered cell viability and induced DNA damage in buccal mucosa cells within 30 min after exposure, but these effects were ceased after 24 h.
Highlights
IntroductionPanoramic radiograph provides an overall facial image including both the maxillary and the mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures
This dose is below the radiation exposure dose limit as required by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) of 0.3 mSv
ICRP for radiation safety makes conservative assumption that the biological damage caused by ionising radiation is related to radiation exposure, regardless of the size of the dose
Summary
Panoramic radiograph provides an overall facial image including both the maxillary and the mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures. The dose used in panoramic radiography is relatively low, about 2.7 to 38 μSV. This dose is below the radiation exposure dose limit as required by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) of 0.3 mSv. low doses of X-ray radiation have an adverse effect and may produce biological changes in the living tissues. ICRP for radiation safety makes conservative assumption that the biological damage caused by ionising radiation is related to radiation exposure, regardless of the size of the dose. All doses of radiation are considered harmful (Lee et al, 2014)
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