VHF Radio Spectrum of a Positive Leader and Implications for Electric Fields

Abstract

AbstractElectric fields associated with a developing natural lightning leader are difficult to measure. This work demonstrates a new approach to indirectly probing the electric fields in the streamer zone of a lightning leader. Using a 10–250 MHz broadband lightning interferometer, very high frequency (VHF) radio emissions from the tip of a positive cloud‐to‐ground (CG) leader were measured and localized. We specially use a normalized spectral analysis to avoid the challenge of absolute system calibration to show that the positive leader spectrum exhibits a clear cutoff frequency at 80 MHz. Compared with theoretical predictions, this cutoff frequency corresponds to a streamer growth rate of and an average electric field of 0.9 times the conventional breakdown field in streamer bursts from the positive leader. Implications for the detectability of positive leaders through VHF emissions and for the production of X‐rays by positive leaders are analyzed.