VGWatch: A low-cost stand-alone monitor to measure the valve gape of bivalves in the field

Abstract

Valve gape monitors are utilised to measure the extent of bivalve’s shell openings. This measurement is correlated with their filter-feeding activity, and valve closure can serve as an indicator of various environmental stressors, including poor water quality, the presence of predators, and human disturbance. We developed an inexpensive, stand-alone, and reusable valve gape monitor; enabling collection of sufficient and independent spatial replication in situ. The monitor is made using Arduino hardware and software, and we share the design and code. We tested it in the field with three mussels as a proof of concept. The mussels were likely actively feeding most of the time. Two of the mussels were in close vicinity and demonstrated similar valve gape patterns. The monitor enables to measure valve gape in high resolution, providing insights into bivalve biology, ecosystem functioning, and the effects of environmental conditions, including anthropogenic stressors.