VExUS score improvement is associated with better outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure

Abstract

Abstract Background Venous Excess Ultrasound Score (VExUS) has recently emerged as a non-invasive tool for venous congestion assessment in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Although VExUS is associated with cardiorenal syndrome, the prognostic role regarding hard outcomes in ADHF is still unknown. Purpose To evaluate whether dynamic changes in VExUS within 72 hours after Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CICU) admission is associated with in-hospital mortality in ADHF patients. Methods Prospective cohort study enrolling consecutive patients with ADHF admitted to CICU of a tertiary public hospital. VExUS evaluations ranging from 0 (no congestion) and 3 (severe congestion) and assessing the inferior vena cava, hepatic, and portal veins flow, were initially performed within 24 hours of admission and re-evaluated at 72 hours (third day) after treatment initiation. Changes in VExUS scores were compared between these two time points. Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression was performed to evaluate VExUS improvement association with mortality. Results Between October 2022 and January 2024, 81 patients were admitted to the CICU due to ADHF. Following the exclusion of 10 patients who were not assessed within the first 24 hours, 71 patients were included in the final analysis. Mean age was 65 ± 13.3 years, with 66.7% being male. Ischemic etiology was identified in 40.7%, and atrial fibrillation was present in 34.6%. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 27.4% ± 12.2, and 64.2% had right ventricular dysfunction. Upon admission, 73.2% were classified as B and 23.9% as C hemodynamic profiles. Overall in-hospital mortality was 25.9%. In-hospital mortality across VExUS categories assessed in the third day was 16.7%, 12.5%, 28.6% e 40%, for VExUS 0-3, respectively. The median VExUS variation between the two time points was greater in patients who survived [-1 vs. 0; p=0.030] and VExUS improvement at 72 hours was associated with a 46% decrease in hospital mortality for each class reduction (OR=0.536; 95% CI 0.29-0-81; p=0.043 - Figure 1). Conclusion Improvement in VExUS score between admission and 72 hours is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality. This finding highlights the potential role of dynamic VExUS monitoring for identifying delayed treatment response patients. Thus, changes in VExUS emerged as a prognostic tool offering a pathway to potentially intensify treatment strategies for high-risk patients with ADHF.VExUS score changes within 72 hours