Abstract
Nutritional disorders are seen in large psittacines (Amazon and African grey parrots, cockatoos, and macawsl, mostly because of their diets, which contain primarily seeds and nuts. Too much fat in seeds and nuts may lead to obesity and secondary deficiencies of protein and other essential nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin A, and iodine. Other problems arise from inappropriate pelleted diet formulations and excessive or inappropriate use of vitamin-mineral supplements. Nutrients most likely to be fed in toxic quantities are vitamins A and D 3 . Diagnosis is made by nutritional assessment of the patient through dietary history, examination, laboratory analyses, radiology, and diet evaluation. Nutritional disorders are corrected through appropriate changes in diet. Large psittacines may be neophobic, and gradual diet changes can be challenging for owners.
Published Version
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