Abstract
BackgroundAntibiotics are widely used to treat animals from infections. After fertilizing, antibacterials can remain in the soil while adversely affecting the soil microorganisms. The concentration of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the soil and its effect on the soil microbial community was assessed. To assess the impact of OTC on the soil microbial community, it was added to the soil at concentrations of 50, 150, and 300 mg kg–1 and incubated for 35 days.ResultsThe concentration of OTC added to the soil decreased from 150 to 7.6 mg kg–1 during 30 days of incubation, as revealed by LC-MS. The deviations from the control values in the level of substrate-induced respiration on the 5th day of the experiment were, on average, 26, 68, and 90%, with OTC concentrations at 50, 150, and 300 mg kg–1, respectively. In samples with 150 and 300 mg kg–1 of OTC, the number of bacteria from the 3rd to 14th day was 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than in the control. The addition of OTC did not affect the fungal counts in samples except on the 7th and 14th days for the 150 and 300 mg kg–1 contaminated samples. Genes tet(M) and tet(X) were found in samples containing 50, 150, and 300 mg kg–1 OTC, with no significant differences in the number of copies of tet(M) and tet(X) genes from the OTC concentration.ConclusionsOur results showed that even after a decrease in antibiotic availability, its influence on the soil microbial community remains.
Highlights
Antibiotics are widely used to treat animals from infections
At an initial concentration of 150 mg kg–1 in the soil, the quantity of the drug reduced by 98% during the 30-day incubation
The introduction of the antibiotic into the soil at concentrations of 50, 150, and 300 mg kg–1 was accompanied by a partial elimination of bacteria
Summary
Antibiotics are widely used to treat animals from infections. After fertilizing, antibacterials can remain in the soil while adversely affecting the soil microorganisms. The concentration of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the soil and its effect on the soil microbial community was assessed. To assess the impact of OTC on the soil microbial community, it was added to the soil at concentrations of 50, 150, and 300 mg kg–1 and incubated for 35 days. Results: The concentration of OTC added to the soil decreased from 150 to 7.6 mg kg–1 during 30 days of incubation, as revealed by LC-MS. It has been reported that some antibiotics inhibit microorganisms, while others have stimulating effects on microbial growth and activity (Sarmah et al 2006; Thiele-Bruhn 2003; Halling-Sorensen et al 1998). There is evidence that some microorganisms are able to use the antibiotic as a carbon source for nutrition, which is expressed in increasing microbial biomass (Thiele-Bruhn and Beck 2005)
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