Vessel development in compound buds of interspecific hybrid grape induced by artificial deacclimation treatments.

Abstract

Grape compound buds adapt to subfreezing temperatures in winter by supercooling, but the supercooling ability is thought to be lost upon formation of xylem connections between canes and buds. It was reported that compound buds of the Vitis vinifera variety 'Chardonnay' lack xylem cells in mid-winter, and that vessels differentiate during deacclimation. However, the pattern of vessel formation in compound buds may differ in cold-hardy Vitis species and interspecific hybrid varieties grown in colder regions. We investigated vessel formation in compound buds of the interspecific hybrid variety 'Yamasachi', which were harvested in mid-winter, during artificial deacclimation treatments. Before these treatments, 'Yamasachi' buds had a high supercooling ability (approx. -30°C) and contained cells with characteristics of vessel elements, that is, secondary wall thickening and lignification, at the basal parts. However, the cells still contained organelles and did not have a hydraulic conductivity function. Xylem continuity between the canes and buds was established from day 7 of deacclimation at 20°C. The different pattern of seasonal vessel formation in compound buds of 'Yamasachi' from that of V. vinifera may reflect the rapid development traits of Vitis species growing in cold regions with short growing seasons.