Vessel Density Features of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Classification of Glaucoma Using Machine Learning.

Abstract

Machine learning (ML) based on the optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density features with different thresholds using a support vector machine (SVM) model provides excellent performance for glaucoma detection. To assess the classification performance of ML based on the 4 vessel density features of peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography for glaucoma detection. Images from 119 eyes of 119 glaucoma patients and 76 eyes of 76 healthy individuals were included. Four vessel density features of optical coherence tomography angiography images were developed using a threshold-based segmentation method and were integrated into 3 models of machine learning classifiers. Images were divided into 70% training set and 30% test set. Classification performances of SVM, random forest, and Gaussian Naive Bayes models were evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy. Glaucoma eyes had lower vessel densities at different thresholds. For differentiating glaucoma eyes, the best results were achieved with 70% and 100% thresholds, in which SVM classifier discriminated glaucoma from healthy eyes with an AUC of 1 and accuracy of 1. After SVM, the random forest classifier with 100% thresholds showed an AUC of 0.993 and an accuracy of 0.994. Furthermore, the AUC of our ML performance (SVM) was 0.96 in a subgroup analysis of mild and moderate glaucoma eyes. ML based on the combined peripapillary vessel density features of total vessels and capillaries in the whole image and ring image could provide excellent performance for glaucoma detection.