Vespa velutina nigrithorax venom allergy: Real-life clinical practice

Abstract

Vespa velutina nigrithorax (VVN) is the first hornet accidentally introduced in Europe. 1 López S González M Goldarazena A Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): first records in Iberian Peninsula. EPPO Bulletin. 2011; 41: 439-441 Crossref Scopus (56) Google Scholar In Portugal, the first report was in 2011 in the north (Viana do Castelo). 2 Grosso-Silva JM Maia M Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), new species for Portugal. Arq Entomolóxicos. 2012; : 53-54 Google Scholar Bessa et al 3 Bessa AS Carvalho J Gomes A Santarém F. Climate and land-use drivers of invasion: predicting the expansion of Vespa velutina nigrithorax into the Iberian Peninsula. Insect Conserv Divers. 2016; 9: 27-37 Crossref Scopus (28) Google Scholar attempted to predict the invasive potential of VVN in the Iberian Peninsula (IP), and through a species distribution model, they concluded that the most suitable areas are in the northern region of the IP. As predicted, most of the nests found in mainland Portugal (12,245 nests in 2018) are situated in northern and central Portugal. 4 Instituto National de Investigacoa Agraria e Veterinaria. Bases para a Vigilância Ativa - Plano de Ação para a Vigilância e Controlo da Vespa velutina. 2018. Available at: https://www.iniav.pt/plano-acao-vespa-velutina. Accessed November 29, 2021. Google Scholar