Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as a value of fasting serum triglyceride over 150 mg/dl. The classification of hypertriglyceridemia according to the Endocrine Society includes mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia, severe hypertriglyceridemia and very severe hypertriglyceridemia. Mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia increases the risk for cardiovascular events while severe and very severe hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for acute pancreatitis. Conventional pharmacological therapy of hypertriglyceridemia includes fibrates, niacin, statins, ezetimibe, and omega-3 fatty acid. Other triglyceride-lowering therapies are represented by plasmapheresis and lipoprotein lipase gene therapy. The present work refers to a 55-year-old man without a history of family diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, premature coronary artery disease, diagnosed with type 2 DM in 2016, from 2018 on insulin treatment; he was hospitalized for endocrine evaluation. The patient had a history of high blood pressure for approximately 15 years, chronic kidney disease, very severe hypertriglyceridemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patient followed treatment with hypoglycemic, hypolipemic, low-salt diet, fibrates, statins, omega-3 fatty acid.
Highlights
Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as a value of fasting serum triglyceride over 150 mg/dl
Clinical Practice Guideline published in 2012 about Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia states that the diagnosis and classification of hypertriglyceridemia based on fasting levels include mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia, severe hypertriglyceridemia (1,000–1,999 mg/dl) and very severe hypertriglyceridemia (> 2,000 mg/dl) [1]
Primary hypertriglyceridemia is relatively rare and its etiology includes a gene mutation of lipoprotein lipase, the enzyme involved in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipids [4]
Summary
Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as a value of fasting serum triglyceride over 150 mg/dl. Clinical Practice Guideline published in 2012 about Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia states that the diagnosis and classification of hypertriglyceridemia based on fasting levels include mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides of 150– 999 mg/dl), severe hypertriglyceridemia (1,000–1,999 mg/dl) and very severe hypertriglyceridemia (> 2,000 mg/dl) [1]. Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP III) published in 2001 proposed four categories: normal fasting triglyceridemia < 150 mg/dl, borderline high triglyceridemia 150– 199 mg/dl, high triglyceridemia 200–499 mg/dl and very high triglyceridemia > 500 mg/dl [2].
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