Abstract

An integrated circuit capable of generating very low-frequency signals for biomedical applications is presented in this article. By employing microwave circuit design concepts and techniques, the chip can produce very low frequency signals starting from a pair of 4 GHz signal generators. Measurements reveal that a continuous set of frequencies between 0.03 Hz and 185 Hz are generated, which represents a tuning range of 6167:1. The chip was fabricated using a standard 0.13-µm CMOS process and the circuit core measures 0.49 mm2.

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